Relationship between statistical thermal alteration index and vitrinite reflectance for sedimentary rocks in northern Japan with reference to effects for unconformity,faulting, and contact metamorphism     

Yoshihiro Ujiié 《Island Arc》2009,18(4):661-669

Two organic maturity indices, the statistical thermal alteration index (stTAI) and vitrinite reflectance (R_O), are used to gain insight into the geological histories of sequences of Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous sediments in northern Japan that contain an unconformity and which are affected by faulting and contact metamorphism. The stTAI is based on the brightness, or gray level, of fossil pollen of Pinus, Podocarpus, Abies, and Picea species. Pollen brightness is measured using a transmitted‐light microscope equipped with a computer‐driven digital image processor. The stTAI represents the mean value of the modes for the complete array of indigenous pollen in rock samples. The stTAI indicates the level of organic maturation for Neogene sedimentary rocks of Japan, from incipient diagenesis to early catagenesis (R_O ≤1.0%). With the progressive diagenesis and catagenesis of sedimentary rocks, stTAI values generally show a progressive decrease, whereas R_O values increase. The effects of an unconformity and faulting are more clearly recorded in stTAI trends than in R_O trends. During early stages of organic maturation (R_O ≤0.7%), stTAI shows a rapid decrease, while R_O shows a rapid increase during the mature and post‐mature stages (R_O ≥0.8%). The occurrence of a range in R_O values for a given level of organic maturity makes it difficult to determine the influence of the unconformity on the increasing R_O trend. R_O values show a progressive increase toward an igneous dyke, but this trend is not apparent in stTAI values. Measurements of Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous rocks in Japan reveal that stTAI is more sensitive to heating duration than R_O, although R_O is more sensitive to heating temperature.  相似文献   

Estimating leaf area index by inversion of reflectance model for semiarid natural grasslands     

Na Zhang  YingShi Zhao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(1):66-84

The study developed an integrated reflectance model combining radiative transfer and geometric optical properties in order to inverse leaf area index (LAI) of semiarid natural grasslands. In order to better link remote sensing information with land plants, and facilitate regional and global climate change studies, the model introduced a simple but important geometrical similarity parameter related to plant crown shapes. The model revealed the influences of different plant crown shapes (such as spherical, cylindrical/cuboidal and conic crowns) on leaf/branch angle distribution frequencies, shadow ground coverage, shadowed or sunlit background fractions, canopy reflectance, and scene reflectance. The modeled reflectance data agreed with the measured ones in the three Leymus chinensis steppes with different degradation degrees, which validated the reflectance model. The lower the degradation degree was, the better the modeled data agreed with the measured data. After this reflectance model was coupled with the optimization inversion method, LAI over the entire study region was estimated once every eight days using the eight-day products of surface reflectance obtained by multi-spectral Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) during the growing seasons in 2002. The temporal and spatial patterns of inversed LAI for the steppes with different cover degrees, swamps, flood plains, and croplands agreed with the general laws and measurements very well. But for unused land cover types (sands, saline, and barren lands) and forestlands, totally accounting for about 10% of the study region, the reasonable LAI values were not derived by inversing, requiring further revising of the model or the development of a new model for them. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30500076), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB714407), and the President Foundation of Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. YZJJ200205)  相似文献   

青藏高原地区MODIS反照率两种反演结果差异的对比分析     

陈爱军  王飞  卞林根  刘玉洁 《高原气象》2012,31(6):1479-1487

采用对照反演比法对比分析了青藏高原地区相同时空条件下的MODIS反照率当量反演结果和全反演结果的差异。利用2002—2004年青藏高原地区Terra MODIS数据开展的对照反演试验表明:(1)黑空反射率BSA两种反演结果的绝对偏差小于0.03,白空反射率WSA两种反演结果的绝对偏差约为0.04;BSA两种反演结果绝对偏差的标准差约为0.05,而WSA的则更大。(2)BSA两种反演结果和WSA两种反演结果的绝对偏差及其标准差均存在一定的年际差异。(3)可见光区反照率两种反演结果的绝对偏差及其标准差一般大于红外光区两种反演结果的绝对偏差及其标准差。(4)两种地表反照率反演结果的绝对偏差及其标准差在青藏高原地区三种主要地表类型的差异不大。  相似文献   

油砂的光谱反射特征及其遥感应用     

樊瑞雪  邢立新  潘军  单玄龙  仲伟敬 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(2):603-610

油砂作为21世纪以来世界能源的重要组成部分,已经有大量的地质工作者对其形成的地质特征、成矿带分布特征等进行了详细研究,并取得一定成果,但是对于遥感在油砂勘探中的应用少有研究。遥感技术识别不同地物的理论基础是同一波长位置处的反射率差异及反射率随波长的变化规律,因此本文通过分析油砂的实测光谱数据,得到其反射光谱的特征及规律。为实现在Landsat 8OLI卫星遥感影像上对油砂的识别,根据油砂实测光谱的研究,分别提出基于油砂光谱特征和相关性分析的Landsat 8遥感影像油砂识别模式,并将其应用在柴达木盆地冷湖和马海两个研究区。结果表明:利用遥感影像进行油砂找矿靶区圈定是可行的;本文总结出的基于相关性分析的油砂提取模式优于光谱特征分析模式;冷湖地区用比值方法进行油砂遥感信息增强效果较好,马海地区则差值方法较好。  相似文献   

基于近红外光谱技术的烃类与粘土矿物识别及其地质意义     

卢燕  杨凯  修连存 《地质通报》2017,36(10):1884-1891

沉积岩中自生粘土矿物受成岩过程中物化条件控制,是成岩系统物化条件的指示。近红外反射光谱技术对粘土矿物反应灵敏,在金属矿产勘探中已经得到了日益广泛的应用。首次对油气勘探地质井的试验工作,验证了近红外光谱数据不仅可以第一时间从岩石样品中直接提取微量烃信息,还能解译详细的粘土矿物组合及其变化,从而获取对油气勘探有价值的成岩温度和热成熟度信息。对鄂尔多斯富县地区试验样品的数据分析表明,生油和储油层中的粘土矿物组合(包括铵伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石)变化直接反映了成岩和构造演化物化条件的变化,对于全面理解盆地的环境条件并且判断油气生成的有利区位具有实际应用意义。  相似文献   

福建政和东际金-银矿床的热液蚀变特征及其勘探指示意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

卢燕 《地质与勘探》2017,53(6):1039-1050

福建东际金-银矿床产于中生代东坑火山岩盆地西缘的流纹质凝灰岩中,矿区及周边火山-沉积岩系遭受了广泛且强度不等的热液蚀变。本文工作采用红外反射光谱技术在东际矿区三个勘探剖面上对钻孔岩心进行系统性高密度采样分析,结果显示蚀变矿物组合及分带的大框架样式主要受原岩成分控制,具体表现为绢云母化趋向于发育于流纹质火山岩中,而绿泥石化则富集在安山质和英安质火山岩中。在更小的矿区局部空间范围内或单一岩性中,热液作用的物化条件作为次级控制因素决定着特定蚀变矿物的成分变化和蚀变类型的强度差异。从层状硅酸盐组合考虑,东际矿区热液蚀变以绢云母化和绿泥石化为最主要类型,而缺失发育良好的蒙脱石带,金-银矿化赋存在以伊利石为主的绢云母化带中,表明成矿环境属于低硫到中硫之间的浅成热液系统。含矿火山岩的热液蚀变组合和强度变化,以及金-银矿化的似层状特点,均指示成矿时流体是沿着南园组凝灰岩层内侧向流动,而蚀变分带细节显示在凝灰岩层中存在着二至三条流体主通道,金-银矿化则赋存在主通道中。流体主通道的热液蚀变标志是富铝绢云母,其与主通道之外的相对贫铝绢云母在红外光谱特征上反差明显。因此,采用红外光谱技术圈定整体热液蚀变系统的空间构型、解译成矿环境的物化条件及变化、并确定绢云母的铝含量变化用以判断成矿流体主通道位置,可以有效地缩小勘探目标和提高找矿工作的预测性。  相似文献   

六种不同煤阶煤的品质因子特征   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

许小凯  王赟  孟召平 《地球物理学报》2014,57(2):644-650

通过6种不同煤阶煤的弹性测试,分析了煤岩变质程度（以镜质组最大反射率表示）与煤岩品质因子之间的关系;在此基础上,进一步分析了煤岩速度与品质因子之间的关系及纵波与横波品质因子的各向异性特征.研究发现：煤岩镜质组最大反射率与纵波、横波品质因子均存在良好的线性相关性;垂直层理方向的波速与品质因子存在良好的线性关系,好于走向与倾向方向;垂直层理方向的纵波与横波品质因子线性相关,相关系数可达93.5%;煤岩的三方向品质因子存在各向异性,且强于速度的各向异性.通过横波品质因子与纵波品质因子间相互换算的理论公式计算结果与实验室实测结果的对比,证明了该理论公式的可靠性,误差小于10%,为多分量转换波的吸收衰减补偿提供了理论依据.  相似文献   

Spectral Reflectance Analysis of the Caribbean Sea     

《Geofísica Internacional》2014,53(4):385-398

Reflectance spectral curves were analysed by a derivative method. Derivative reflectance spectra revealed concealed peaks of both reflectance and absorption curves of Caribbean seawater and elements contained within it. Reflectance curves showed a predominant blue colour (400–500 nm) characteristic of Caribbean oligotrophic waters, conspicuous peaks result from the optical properties of chlorophyll a and seawater. Reflectance curves had a similar spectral response. This paper analyses reflectance spectra of surface seawater at 31 stations in the Caribbean Sea during the summer of 2001.  相似文献   

峨眉山超级地幔柱对四川盆地烃源岩热演化的影响   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

朱传庆  田云涛  徐明  饶松  袁玉松  赵永庆  胡圣标 《地球物理学报》2010,53(1):119-127

四川盆地的构造、热演化与峨眉山超级地幔柱有密切关系.峨眉山超级地幔柱对四川盆地中二叠统之下的烃源岩热演化有着十分重要的影响.在四川盆地热历史恢复的基础上,研究了峨眉山超级地幔柱对盆地内烃源岩,特别是中二叠统之下的古生界烃源岩热演化的影响.结果表明,中二叠统及下伏烃源岩的热演化受中晚二叠世发生在盆地西南方向的峨眉山超级地幔柱的影响巨大,且具地区差异性.即在靠近峨眉山地幔柱中心的地区,有机质迅速成熟并达到其成熟度的最高值(以H1井为代表),古生界烃源岩迅速进入过成熟,此后未有二次生烃;而远离峨眉山地幔柱的盆地大部分地区,古生界烃源岩在二叠纪以来具有多次生烃过程.中生界烃源岩热演化,主要和前陆盆地阶段的构造过程包括前陆沉积和断裂的逆冲推覆等相关. 在烃源岩有机质成熟度演化史的基础上,从盆地热史和烃源岩热演化的角度指出了下二叠统及之下烃源层在四川盆地不同地区油气勘探中的不同意义.  相似文献   

秋季太湖悬浮物高光谱估算模型   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

宋庆君  马荣华  唐军武  王晓梅 《湖泊科学》2008,20(2):196-202

2004年10月,在太湖设置67个采样点,现场测量了水体遥感反射比、后向散射系数和辅助参数,实验室分析了水体的悬浮物浓度和水色要素吸收系数.本文在对遥感反射比光谱分析的基础上,比较了几种水体遥感反射比光谱估算悬浮物浓度的方法,结果发现广泛应用的带比值项的算法,虽然可以应用于太湖总悬浮物浓度估算,但是普遍存在相对误差较高的弱点.通过对光谱的分析,确定了750hm单波段算法的参数,并提出了利用近红外812nm波峰高度来估算水体悬浮物的方法.文中还详细阐述了为什么比值算法等在太湖水体悬浮物浓度估算中相对误差比较高,并解释了利用近红外估算精度高的原因,并指明以上算法在遥感应用中的优点和不足,以及现实水体(水质)遥感对现有遥感器配置和遥感算法的需求.  相似文献